android开发

android中如何下载文件并显示下载进度

最近开发中遇到需要下载文件的问题，对于一般的下载来说不用考虑断点续传，不用考虑多个线程，比如下载一个apk之类的，这篇文章讨论的就是这种情形。

这里主要讨论三种方式：AsyncTask、Service和使用DownloadManager。

一、使用AsyncTask并在进度对话框中显示下载进度

这种方式的优势是你可以在后台执行下载任务的同时，也可以更新UI（这里我们用progress bar来更新下载进度）

下面的代码是使用的例子

// declare the dialog as a member field of your activity
ProgressDialog mProgressDialog;
// instantiate it within the onCreate method
mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(YourActivity.this);
mProgressDialog.setMessage("A message");
mProgressDialog.setIndeterminate(true);
mProgressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
mProgressDialog.setCancelable(true);
// execute this when the downloader must be fired
final DownloadTask downloadTask = new DownloadTask(YourActivity.this);
downloadTask.execute("the url to the file you want to download");
mProgressDialog.setOnCancelListener(new DialogInterface.OnCancelListener() {
    @Override
    public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog) {
        downloadTask.cancel(true);
    }
});

DownloadTask继承自AsyncTask，按照如下框架定义，你需要将代码中的某些参数替换成你自己的。

// usually, subclasses of AsyncTask are declared inside the activity class.
// that way, you can easily modify the UI thread from here
private class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {
    private Context context;
    private PowerManager.WakeLock mWakeLock;
    public DownloadTask(Context context) {
        this.context = context;
    }
    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(String... sUrl) {
        InputStream input = null;
        OutputStream output = null;
        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        try {
            URL url = new URL(sUrl\[0\]);
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            connection.connect();
            // expect HTTP 200 OK, so we don't mistakenly save error report
            // instead of the file
            if (connection.getResponseCode() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                return "Server returned HTTP " + connection.getResponseCode()
                        + " " + connection.getResponseMessage();
            }
            // this will be useful to display download percentage
            // might be -1: server did not report the length
            int fileLength = connection.getContentLength();
            // download the file
            input = connection.getInputStream();
            output = new FileOutputStream("/sdcard/file_name.extension");
            byte data\[\] = new byte\[4096\];
            long total = 0;
            int count;
            while ((count = input.read(data)) != -1) {
                // allow canceling with back button
                if (isCancelled()) {
                    input.close();
                    return null;
                }
                total += count;
                // publishing the progress....
                if (fileLength > 0) // only if total length is known
                    publishProgress((int) (total * 100 / fileLength));
                output.write(data, 0, count);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return e.toString();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (output != null)
                    output.close();
                if (input != null)
                    input.close();
            } catch (IOException ignored) {
            }
            if (connection != null)
                connection.disconnect();
        }
        return null;
    }

上面的代码只包含了doInBackground，这是执行后台任务的代码块，不能在这里做任何的UI操作，但是onProgressUpdate和`onPreExecute`是运行在UI线程中的，所以我们应该在这两个方法中更新progress bar。

接上面的代码：

@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
    super.onPreExecute();
    // take CPU lock to prevent CPU from going off if the user
    // presses the power button during download
    PowerManager pm = (PowerManager) context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
    mWakeLock = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK,
         getClass().getName());
    mWakeLock.acquire();
    mProgressDialog.show();
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
    super.onProgressUpdate(progress);
    // if we get here, length is known, now set indeterminate to false
    mProgressDialog.setIndeterminate(false);
    mProgressDialog.setMax(100);
    mProgressDialog.setProgress(progress\[0\]);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
    mWakeLock.release();
    mProgressDialog.dismiss();
    if (result != null)
        Toast.makeText(context,"Download error: "+result, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    else
        Toast.makeText(context,"File downloaded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

注意需要添加如下权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />

二、在service中执行下载

在service中执行下载任务的麻烦之处在于如何通知activity更新UI。下面的代码中我们将用ResultReceiver``和IntentService来实现下载。ResultReceiver允许我们接收来自service中发出的广播，IntentService继承自service，这IntentService中我们开启一个线程开执行下载任务（service和你的app其实是在一个线程中，因此不想阻塞主线程的话必须开启新的线程）。

public class DownloadService extends IntentService {
    public static final int UPDATE_PROGRESS = 8344;
    public DownloadService() {
        super("DownloadService");
    }
    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        String urlToDownload = intent.getStringExtra("url");
        ResultReceiver receiver = (ResultReceiver) intent.getParcelableExtra("receiver");
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urlToDownload);
            URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
            connection.connect();
            // this will be useful so that you can show a typical 0-100% progress bar
            int fileLength = connection.getContentLength();
            // download the file
            InputStream input = new BufferedInputStream(connection.getInputStream());
            OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream("/sdcard/BarcodeScanner-debug.apk");
            byte data\[\] = new byte\[1024\];
            long total = 0;
            int count;
            while ((count = input.read(data)) != -1) {
                total += count;
                // publishing the progress....
                Bundle resultData = new Bundle();
                resultData.putInt("progress" ,(int) (total * 100 / fileLength));
                receiver.send(UPDATE_PROGRESS, resultData);
                output.write(data, 0, count);
            }
            output.flush();
            output.close();
            input.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Bundle resultData = new Bundle();
        resultData.putInt("progress" ,100);
        receiver.send(UPDATE_PROGRESS, resultData);
    }
}

注册DownloadService：

<service android:name=".DownloadService"/>

activity中这样调用DownloadService

// initialize the progress dialog like in the first example
// this is how you fire the downloader
mProgressDialog.show();
Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
intent.putExtra("url", "url of the file to download");
intent.putExtra("receiver", new DownloadReceiver(new Handler()));
startService(intent);

使用ResultReceiver接收来自DownloadService的下载进度通知

private class DownloadReceiver extends ResultReceiver{
    public DownloadReceiver(Handler handler) {
        super(handler);
    }
    @Override
    protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
        super.onReceiveResult(resultCode, resultData);
        if (resultCode == DownloadService.UPDATE_PROGRESS) {
            int progress = resultData.getInt("progress");
            mProgressDialog.setProgress(progress);
            if (progress == 100) {
                mProgressDialog.dismiss();
            }
        }
    }
}

2.1使用 Groundy library

Groundy 可以帮助你在后台service中运行一些代码，其实也是基于刚刚用到的 ResultReceiver，下面是使用Groundy的大致代码：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private ProgressDialog mProgressDialog;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_download).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View view) {
                String url = ((EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_url)).getText().toString().trim();
                Bundle extras = new Bundler().add(DownloadTask.PARAM_URL, url).build();
                Groundy.create(DownloadExample.this, DownloadTask.class)
                        .receiver(mReceiver)
                        .params(extras)
                        .queue();
                mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this);
                mProgressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
                mProgressDialog.setCancelable(false);
                mProgressDialog.show();
            }
        });
    }
    private ResultReceiver mReceiver = new ResultReceiver(new Handler()) {
        @Override
        protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
            super.onReceiveResult(resultCode, resultData);
            switch (resultCode) {
                case Groundy.STATUS_PROGRESS:
                    mProgressDialog.setProgress(resultData.getInt(Groundy.KEY_PROGRESS));
                    break;
                case Groundy.STATUS_FINISHED:
                    Toast.makeText(DownloadExample.this, R.string.file_downloaded, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
                    mProgressDialog.dismiss();
                    break;
                case Groundy.STATUS_ERROR:
                    Toast.makeText(DownloadExample.this, resultData.getString(Groundy.KEY_ERROR), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    mProgressDialog.dismiss();
                    break;
            }
        }
    };
}

其中GroundyTask的定义如下：

public class DownloadTask extends GroundyTask {  
    public static final String PARAM_URL = "com.groundy.sample.param.url";
    @Override
    protected boolean doInBackground() {
        try {
            String url = getParameters().getString(PARAM_URL);
            File dest = new File(getContext().getFilesDir(), new File(url).getName());
            DownloadUtils.downloadFile(getContext(), url, dest, DownloadUtils.getDownloadListenerForTask(this));
            return true;
        } catch (Exception pokemon) {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

但是请记住要在activity中注册了相关service才行：

<service android:name="com.codeslap.groundy.GroundyService"/>

三、使用DownloadManager

其实这才是解决下载问题的终极方法，因为他使用起来实在是太简单了。可惜只有在GingerBread 之后才能使用。

先判断能不能使用DownloadManager：

/**
 * @param context used to check the device version and DownloadManager information
 * @return true if the download manager is available
 */
public static boolean isDownloadManagerAvailable(Context context) {
    try {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD) {
            return false;
        }
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
        intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
        intent.setClassName("com.android.providers.downloads.ui", "com.android.providers.downloads.ui.DownloadList");
        List<ResolveInfo> list = context.getPackageManager().queryIntentActivities(intent,
                PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY);
        return list.size() > 0;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        return false;
    }
}

如果能，那么只需要这样就可以开始下载一个文件了：

String url = "url you want to download";
DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(url));
request.setDescription("Some descrition");
request.setTitle("Some title");
// in order for this if to run, you must use the android 3.2 to compile your app
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
    request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();
    request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);
}
request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, "name-of-the-file.ext");
// get download service and enqueue file
DownloadManager manager = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
manager.enqueue(request);

下载的进度会在消息通知中显示。

总结

前两种方法需要你考虑的东西很多，除非是你想完全控制下载的整个过程，否则用最后一种比较省事。

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