Android中的悬浮效果PopupWindow详解

Android的对话框有两种:PopupWindow和AlertDialog。它们的不同点在于:

  • AlertDialog的位置固定,而PopupWindow的位置可以随意

  • AlertDialog是非阻塞线程的,而PopupWindow是阻塞线程的

PopupWindow的位置按照有无偏移分,可以分为偏移和无偏移两种;按照参照物的不同,可以分为相对于某个控件(Anchor锚)和相对于父控件。具体如下

  • showAsDropDown(View anchor):相对某个控件的位置(正左下方),无偏移

  • showAsDropDown(View anchor, int xoff, int yoff):相对某个控件的位置,有偏移

  • showAtLocation(View parent, int gravity, int x, int y):相对于父控件的位置(例如正中央Gravity.CENTER,下方Gravity.BOTTOM等),可以设置偏移或无偏移

下面通过一个Demo讲解(解释看注释):

main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/hello" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button01"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="以自己为Anchor,不偏移" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button02"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="以自己为Anchor,有偏移" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button03"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="以屏幕中心为参照,不偏移(正中间)" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button04"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="以屏幕下方为参照,下方中间" />
</LinearLayout>

popup_window.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="#00FF00"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="选择状态:"
        android:textColor="@android:color/white"
        android:textSize="20px" />
    <RadioGroup
        android:id="@+id/radioGroup"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical" >
        <RadioButton android:text="在线" />
        <RadioButton android:text="离线" />
        <RadioButton android:text="隐身" />
    </RadioGroup>
</LinearLayout>

PopupWindowDemoActivity.java

package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.PopupWindow;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
import android.widget.RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener;
public class PopupWindowDemoActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener,
        OnCheckedChangeListener {
    private Button mbutton01;
    private Button mbutton02;
    private Button mbutton03;
    private Button mbutton04;
    private PopupWindow mPopupWindow;
    // 屏幕的width
    private int mScreenWidth;
    // 屏幕的height
    private int mScreenHeight;
    // PopupWindow的width
    private int mPopupWindowWidth;
    // PopupWindow的height
    private int mPopupWindowHeight;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        mbutton01 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button01);
        mbutton02 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button02);
        mbutton03 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button03);
        mbutton04 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button04);
        mbutton01.setOnClickListener(this);
        mbutton02.setOnClickListener(this);
        mbutton03.setOnClickListener(this);
        mbutton04.setOnClickListener(this);
    }
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
        // 相对某个控件的位置(正左下方),无偏移
        case R.id.button01:
            getPopupWindowInstance();
            mPopupWindow.showAsDropDown(v);
            break;
        // 相对某个控件的位置(正左下方),有偏移
        case R.id.button02:
            getPopupWindowInstance();
            mPopupWindow.showAsDropDown(v, 50, 50);// X、Y方向各偏移50
            break;
        // 相对于父控件的位置,无偏移
        case R.id.button03:
            getPopupWindowInstance();
            mPopupWindow.showAtLocation(v, Gravity.CENTER, 0, 0);
            break;
        // 相对于父控件的位置,有偏移
        case R.id.button04:
            getPopupWindowInstance();
            mPopupWindow.showAtLocation(v, Gravity.BOTTOM, 0, 50);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
        mPopupWindow.dismiss();
    }
    /*
     * 获取PopupWindow实例
     */
    private void getPopupWindowInstance() {
        if (null != mPopupWindow) {
            mPopupWindow.dismiss();
            return;
        } else {
            initPopuptWindow();
        }
    }
    /*
     * 创建PopupWindow
     */
    private void initPopuptWindow() {
        LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this);
        View popupWindow = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.popup_window, null);
        RadioGroup radioGroup = (RadioGroup) popupWindow.findViewById(R.id.radioGroup);
        radioGroup.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
        // 创建一个PopupWindow
        // 参数1:contentView 指定PopupWindow的内容
        // 参数2:width 指定PopupWindow的width
        // 参数3:height 指定PopupWindow的height
        mPopupWindow = new PopupWindow(popupWindow, 100, 130);
        // 获取屏幕和PopupWindow的width和height
        mScreenWidth = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();
        mScreenWidth = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getHeight();
        mPopupWindowWidth = mPopupWindow.getWidth();
        mPopupWindowHeight = mPopupWindow.getHeight();
    }
}